Allies:

Saudi Arabia:

  • Egypt and Saudi Arabia maintain a close and strategic alliance based on shared regional interests, cultural ties, and mutual security concerns.
  • Both countries cooperate on various issues, including counterterrorism, stabilizing the Arab world, and supporting each other diplomatically and economically.
  • The alliance between Egypt and Saudi Arabia is reinforced by their shared opposition to common threats, such as Islamist extremism, Iranian influence, and regional instability.

United Arab Emirates (UAE):

  • Egypt enjoys a strong partnership with the UAE, characterized by mutual interests in regional security, economic development, and counterterrorism efforts.
  • Both countries collaborate closely on issues like defense cooperation, investment projects, and diplomatic initiatives to address common challenges facing the Arab world.
  • The alliance between Egypt and the UAE is strategic, with a shared commitment to promoting stability and prosperity in the Middle East and countering threats from Islamist extremism and political instability.

Israel:

  • Egypt’s relationship with Israel has evolved significantly since the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978, which led to a peace treaty between the two countries in 1979.
  • While not a traditional ally in the conventional sense, Egypt and Israel maintain a pragmatic relationship based on mutual security interests, cooperation on regional issues, and diplomatic engagements.
  • Both countries collaborate on issues like counterterrorism, intelligence sharing, and economic cooperation, despite occasional tensions and disagreements over regional politics and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

United States:

  • Egypt has a strategic partnership with the United States, based on mutual security interests, economic cooperation, and diplomatic relations.
  • The United States provides significant military and economic assistance to Egypt, supporting its efforts to maintain stability and security in the region.
  • The alliance between Egypt and the United States encompasses various areas of cooperation, including defense, counterterrorism, trade, investment, and cultural exchanges.

Enemies:

Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated groups:

  • The Egyptian government under President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi views Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated groups as a security threat, given their Islamist ideology and potential to challenge the ruling regime.
  • Egypt has cracked down harshly on Muslim Brotherhood members and supporters since President Sisi came to power in 2013, including arrests, prosecutions, and bans on the group’s activities.
  • The Egyptian government considers the Muslim Brotherhood a destabilizing force and has taken measures to suppress its influence and activities within Egypt.

ISIS-affiliated militants in Sinai:

  • Egypt faces a significant security threat from ISIS-affiliated militants operating in the Sinai Peninsula, who have carried out attacks targeting Egyptian security forces, civilians, and infrastructure.
  • The Egyptian government has launched military operations to counter ISIS presence in Sinai, including airstrikes, ground offensives, and security crackdowns.
  • Egypt considers ISIS-affiliated militants in Sinai as a direct threat to its national security and stability, and it has deployed significant resources to combat their activities and dismantle their networks in the region.