Allies:

Egypt:

  • Sudan and Egypt share a long-standing alliance based on historical, cultural, and strategic ties.
  • Both countries collaborate on various issues, including security, trade, and regional diplomacy, particularly on matters related to the Nile River and regional stability.
  • The alliance between Sudan and Egypt is reinforced by their shared interests in countering threats from Islamist extremism, managing water resources, and promoting economic development in the Nile Basin region.

Saudi Arabia:

  • Sudan maintains a close relationship with Saudi Arabia, marked by economic cooperation, diplomatic ties, and military support.
  • Saudi Arabia has provided financial assistance and investment to Sudan, particularly during periods of economic hardship, contributing to Sudan’s economic stability and development.
  • The alliance between Sudan and Saudi Arabia is reinforced by their shared opposition to common threats, including Iranian influence, Islamist extremism, and regional instability.

United Arab Emirates (UAE):

  • Sudan has cultivated a strategic partnership with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), characterized by economic cooperation, investment, and political alignment on regional issues.
  • The UAE has invested in Sudan’s infrastructure, agriculture, and energy sectors, supporting its economic development and diversification efforts.
  • The alliance between Sudan and the UAE is driven by shared interests in countering threats from Islamist extremism, promoting stability in the Horn of Africa region, and enhancing bilateral trade and investment.

Enemies:

Internal Rebel Groups:

  • Sudan faces challenges from various internal rebel groups operating in regions like Darfur, South Kordofan, and Blue Nile.
  • These rebel groups have engaged in armed conflict with the Sudanese government, leading to casualties, displacement, and humanitarian crises.
  • Sudan has implemented military operations and peace agreements to address the root causes of conflict, improve security, and promote reconciliation with rebel factions.

Historical Tensions with South Sudan:

  • Sudan has experienced historical tensions with South Sudan, its neighbor to the south, particularly over issues related to border disputes, oil revenues, and ethnic rivalries.
  • South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011 following decades of civil war, but both countries continue to grapple with unresolved issues, including the status of the Abyei region and the distribution of oil wealth.
  • Sudan and South Sudan have engaged in diplomatic negotiations and peace talks to address their differences and promote stability along their shared border, with support from regional and international mediators.